Jones Law of 1916 Essay Example for Free

Jones Law of 1916 Essay Though it was never the expectation of the individuals of United States in the incipiency of the war withSpainto make it a war of success or for regional magnification; and Whereas it is, as it has consistently been, the reason for the individuals of the United States to pull back their sway over Philippine Islands and to perceive their autonomy when a steady government can be built up in that; and Whereas for the expedient achievement of such reason it is alluring to put in the possession of the individuals of the Philippines as enormous a control of their residential undertakings as can be given them without, meanwhile, impeding the activity of the privileges of sway by the individuals of the United States, all together that, by the utilization and exercise of famous establishment and legislative forces, they might be the more ready to completely accept the obligations and appreciate all the benefits of complete freedom: Thusly Section 1.―The Philippines Be it instituted by the Senate and House of Representatives the United States of America in Congress gathered, That the arrangements of this Act and the name â€Å"The Philippines† as utilized in this Act will apply to and incorporate the Philippine Islands surrendered to the United States Government by the settlement of harmony closed between the United States and Spain on the eleventh dany of April, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, the limits of which are gone ahead in Article III of said bargain, along with those islands grasped in the settlement among Spain and the United States finished up at Washington o the seventh day of November, nineteen hundred. Area 2.―Philippine Citizenship and Naturalization That all occupants of the Philippine Islands who were Spanish subjects on the eleventh day of April, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, and afterward dwelled in said Islands, and their youngsters brought into the world ensuing thereto, will be esteemed and held to be residents of the Philippine Islands, aside from, for example, will have chosen for safeguard their faithfulness to the Crown of Spain as per the arrangements of the settlement of harmony between the United States and Spain, marked at Paris December tenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, and with the exception of such others as have since become residents of some other country:Provided, That the Philippine Legislature, in this accommodated, is therefore approved to give by law to the securing of Philippine citizenship by those locals of the Philippine Islands who don't go in close vicinity to the prior arrangements, the locals of the isolated assets of the United States, and such different people living in the Philippin e Islands who are residents of the United States, or who could become residents of the United States under the laws of the United States if living in that. Area 3.―Bill of Right (a) Due procedure and famous domain.―That no law will be instituted in said Islands which will deny any individual of life, freedom, or property without fair treatment of law, or deny to any individual in that the equivalent insurance of the laws. Private property will not be taken for open use without just pay. (b) Rights of people blamed for crime.―That in every single criminal indictment the denounced will appreciate the option to be heard without anyone else and counsel, to request the nature and reason for the allegation against him, to have a quick and open preliminary, to meet the observers vis-à-vis, and to have necessary procedure to propel the participation of observers for his sake. That no individual will be held to respond in due order regarding a criminal offense without fair treatment of law; and no individual for a similar offense will be twice placed in danger of discipline, nor will be constrained in any criminal body of evidence to be an observer aga inst himself. That all people will before conviction be bailable by adequate guarantees, aside from capital offenses. (c) Obligation of contracts.―That no law disabling the commitment of agreements will be authorized. (d) Imprisonment for debt.―That no individual will be detained for obligation. (e) Suspension of habeas corpus.―That the benefit of the writ of habeas corpus will not be suspended, except if when in instances of disobedience, revolt, or attack the open wellbeing may require it, in both of which occasion the equivalent might be suspended by the President, or by the Governor-General, any place during such period the need for such suspension will exist. (f) Ex post facto laws, primogeniture, titles of nobility.―That no ex post facto law or bill of attainder will be established nor will the law of primogeniture ever be in power in the Philippines. That no law conceding a title of respectability will be established, and no individual holding any office of benefit or trust in said Islands will, without the assent of the Congress of the United States, acknowledge any present, payment, office, or title of any sort whatever from any lord, sovereign, ruler, or outside state (g) Bail and punishment.―That inordinate bail will not required, nor unreason able fines forced, nor merciless and uncommon discipline delivered. (h) Unreasonable searches.―That the option to be made sure about against irrational quests and seizures will not be damaged. (I) Slavery.―That bondage will not exist in saidIslands; nor will automatic subjugation exist in that aside from as a discipline for wrongdoing whereof the gathering will have been properly indicted. (j) Freedom of speech.―That no law will be passed compressing the ability to speak freely or of the press, or the privilege of the individuals quietly to collect and appeal the Government for change complaints. (k) Freedom of religion.―That no law will be made regarding a foundation of religion or disallowing the free exercise thereof, and that the free exercise and delight in strict calling and love, without separation or inclination, will perpetually be permitted; and no strict test will be required for the activity of common or political rights. No open cash or property will ever be appropriated, applied, or utilized, straightforwardly or in a roundabout way, for the utilization, advantage, or backing of any organization, church, division, partisan establishment, or arrangement of religion, or for the utilization, advantage, or backing of any cleric, evangelist, serve, or different strict instructor or dignitary all things considered. (l) Poligamy.―Contracting of polygamous or plural relationships from now on is denied. That no law will be understood to allow polygamous or plural relationships. (m) How open assets to be spent.―That no cash will be paid out of the treasury aside from in compatibility of an allocation by law. (n) Uniform tax.―That the standard of tax assessment in saidIslands will be uniform. (o) Subject and title of bills.―That no bill which might be instituted into law will grasp more than one subject, and that subject will be communicated in the title of the bill. (p) Warrants of arrest.―That no warrant will issue however upon reasonable justification, bolstered by promise or assertion, and especially portraying the spot to be looked and the individual or things to be seized (q) Special funds.―That all cash gathered on any expense imposed or evaluated for a unique reason will be treated as an extraordinary reserve in the treasury and paid out for such reason as it were. Area 8.―General Legislative Power That general administrative force, aside from as in any case thus gave, is therefore allowed to the Philippine governing body, approved by this Act. Segment 13.―Election and Qualification of Senators That the individuals from the Senate of the Philippines, with the exception of as thus gave, will be chosen for terms of six and three years, as hereinafter gave, by the certified balloters of the Philippines. Every one of the senatorial locale characterized as hereinafter gave will reserve the option to choose two congresspersons. No individual will be an elective individual from the Senate of the Philippines who is anything but a certified balloter and more than thirty years old, and who can't peruse and compose either the Spanish or English language, and who has not been an inhabitant of the Philippines for in any event two continuous years and a real occupant of the senatorial locale from which picked for a time of at any rate one year quickly preceding his political decision. Area 14.- Election and Qualification of Representative That the individuals from the House of Representatives will, with the exception of as in this gave, be chosen triennially by the certified voters of the Philippines. Every one of the agent regions hereinafter accommodated will reserve the option to choose one delegate. No individual will be an elective individual from the House of Representatives who is certainly not a certified balloter and more than a quarter century old enough, and who can't peruse and compose either the Spanish or English language, and who has not been a genuine inhabitant of the locale from which chose for at any rate one year quickly before his political race: Provided,That the individuals from the current Assembly chose on the primary Tuesday in June, nineteen hundred and sixteen, will be the individuals from the House of Representatives from their particular areas for the term esxpiring in nineteen hundred and nineteen. Segment 15.- Qualification of Voters That at the principal political race held in accordance with this Act, the certified voters will be those having the capabilities of voters under the current law; from that point and until in any case gave by the Philippine Legislature thus accommodated the capabilities of voters for congresspersons and delegates in the Philippines and all officials chose by the individuals will be as per the following: Every male individual who isn't a resident or subject of an outside force twenty-one years old or over (aside from crazy and dim witted people and those sentenced in a court of able locale of a notorious offense since the thirteenth day of August, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight) who will have been an inhabitant of the Philippines for on

Dreams Understanding Essay Example For Students

Dreams Understanding Essay The inner mind is typically the correct side of the cerebrum or the contrary side ofthe people composing hand. Inside the inner mind lie various kinds of thingssuch as stifled feelings, inventiveness, and essential human impulse (Ullman andZimmerman 1979). The cognizant piece of the brain works when individuals are wakeful andis the piece of the psyche that handles things that individuals can comprehend. No onetruly knows why an individual cannot interface with the inner mind while awake,however contemplates show that fantasies are a manner by which individuals can better comprehendits conduct. The state of the body during dreaming is intriguing becausethe cerebrum stop every tactile receptor in this manner, dropping every single substantial drive (Ullmanand Zimmerman 1979). This places the body in a practically paraplegic state. The brainhowever keeps on controlling every autonomic capacity, for example, blood stream, heartpulsation, and lung expansion. During the rest, homeostasis will fluctuatebecause rest happens on four phases (Davidmann, 1998). The individual goes fromawake to organize 1, at that point to 2, 3, lastly 4, the most profound phase of rest. Afterspending around twenty minutes in stage 4, they come back to organize 1 and progressback to arrange 4. The individual will keep on making these cycles throughouttheir rest. Most people will understanding around 4 to 5 cycles per night (Davidmann,1998). This is the reason people are progressively well-suited to wake up at explicit occasions in the nightand not inconsistently (the vast majority don't see this be that as it may). During stage 1the individual will encounter what has been named REM (Rapid Eye Movement), Iwill make further elaboration on REM quickly. Until further notice I might want to pointout that during REM the body will give more indications of awareness byspontaneous muscle constrictions, whip discharge, and oculomotercoordination (eye development). The body will encounter these strai ns andreactions since this is the dynamic time of rest in the normal human (Davidmann,1998). I talked before of REM (Rapid Eye Movement); it is the time where theindividual will have their fantasies. Nathaniel Kleitman found it in 1953. Italways happens in the lightest phase of rest, stage 1. It has been given itsname on account of the muscle compressions in the eye engine receptors. Theseelectrical driving forces start from the mind stem and afterward travel to the eyes toproduce symbolism. The impetuses for these driving forces are activated by thesubconscious mind and the feelings inside it (Davidmann, 1998). The REM willusually start an hour and a half after rest is started and will last generally tento fifteen minutes (Davidmann, 1998). It is during the ten to fifteen minutesthat dreams happen. The REM will end and the individual will slip into deepersleeps, until the forward stage is reached. When this happens the brain starts tocome out of the more profound rest stages until it arrives at the REM by and by. Theinteresting factor is that each time the sleeper enters the REM period of sleepthe REM stage will increment long. This rehashes four to multiple times in theaverage rest. The explanation the fantasies happen in the REM or the lightest stage isbecause this is the main stage where the cognizant psyche can decipher theimagery of the inner mind. It is not necessarily the case that the subliminal doesntremain dynamic in more profound rest arranges yet the cognizant psyche isnt alert enoughto translate the symbolism the inner mind makes in profound rest. A goodpersonification depiction of this is to state that the cognizant just cantswim as profound as the psyche. The REM is additionally intriguing provided that aperson doesn't encounter it they will experience the ill effects of different dozing disordersbecause it is required by the body simply like daylight is required. Individuals whoexperience misrepresented REM will experience the ill effects of w eariness and rest depravation whilethey are wakeful. Normally, a completely developed individual has around 4 to 5 patterns of REMsleep, comprising of about 25% of an evenings rest. An infant childs rest canconsist of as high as half REM type rest (Davidmann, 1998). As I previouslystated, an individual would experience the rest stage cycle four to multiple times anight, consequently four to five dreams for each night. In view of this it can becalculated the normal person will have 136,000 dreams in a lifetime,spending around six all out a long time in the REM stage dreaming. Intellectually retardedindividuals or individuals with low IQs will in general invest less energy in the REM typesleep, yet other mental issue are equipped for starting more REM type rest. .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab , .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab .postImageUrl , .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab , .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab:hover , .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab:visited , .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab:active { border:0!important; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab:active , .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab:hover { haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u0a1 6990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Homeless in England Essay The purpose behind this is obscure. Since the diagnostics of dreams has beencovered I might want to concentrate on the birthplace of dreams from a clinical point of view. As an outcome, memory, tangible, muscle-control, and subjective regions of thebrain are haphazardly invigorated, bringing about the higher cortical cerebrum attemptingto comprehend it. The purpose behind these incitements is obscure butvarious clinical scientists accept they are the eventual outcomes of certainchemical responses in the cerebrum. This, as indicated by the examination, gives rise tothe experience of a fantasy, however there is discussion of the subject of whetherdreams have deliberate significance. Numerous psychotherapists concur that fantasies arestimulated by motivations from the cerebrum stem however they have real importance and arenot just mental trips.

How to Calculate Retained Earnings

How to Calculate Retained Earnings In business, there are many ways of checking whether you are on the path of growth or not. The most common way is to find out whether you are making profits or losses.Profits are a sure sign of a healthy business, whereas losses indicate the opposite.But there is more than profits and losses. There are retained earnings.Retained earnings are the amount of money left after making all the necessary company payments. More specifically, after paying dividends. Dividends tend to be the last payment made by a company. Whatever money remains after this, that is what is referred to as retained earnings.In the balance sheet, retained earnings are reported as shareholder equity. This is because this money actually belongs to shareholders.At the end of the company’s financial period, it will be decided whether to pay out a dividend or keep the money. If there will be a dividend payment, then the balance is retained earnings.If no dividend payment is done, the full amount in the hands of the m anagement is the retained earnings.Retained Earnings vs RevenueIt is important to differentiate between certain words which can cause some confusion.Whereas retained earnings remain after dividends have been paid, the money cannot be taken to be the same as revenue.Revenue is the total income received by your business in the course of the financial period.If you sell products or services, then your revenue is your total sales before deducting expenses. Revenue is your gross sales.Retained Earnings vs Net IncomeStill, there is another term worth briefly discussing in regards to confusion with retained earnings.Your gross sales (revenue) are the income before expenses have been deducted. But subtracting your expenses from your revenue still does not give you retained earnings.Yes, retained earnings come after all payments but remember the keyword here is dividend payment. Dividend is the payment which is made after all other payments. It is however not an expense. Keep in mind that di vidend is not paid to a creditor, but the shareholder.Net income is the money you have left after subtracting all your operational expenses from your revenue. This is the calculation that determines whether you realized a profit or a loss.It is after realizing a profit, that you can have money for dividends. Otherwise, you really have nothing to present to your shareholders.And if you have no money for dividends, automatically, you have no extra money to keep as retained earnings.HOW TO CALCULATE RETAINED EARNINGSAs with many other financial terms, there is a way of getting your retained earnings.This is a formula which compares your previous financial period’s retained earnings with the current one.Here is the formula:Beginning Period RE + Net Income/Loss â€" Cash Dividends â€" Stock DividendsPretty straightforward, right?Beginning Period RE is the retained earnings of the previous financial period. You will have reached this figure by deducting the dividend payout from the Net I ncome from the last period.Something else in the formula worth noting is “Stock Dividend.”Did you know that dividends can also be paid in the from of stock? You may decide that your business will not pay out dividends via cash.This can be a good plan if you want to keep some liquid assets available for the cash transactions you anticipate.This will increase the shareholders’ stake in the company.Retained Earnings ExampleHere is an example of the retained earnings of company ABC.Last year, they had a net income of $120,000. After paying a total of $45,000 in dividends, they remained with $75,000. This amount is their retained earnings of the last financial year. At the same time, it is their current year’s beginning period RE.In the course of their business this year, they made a profit of $15,000. Because of the reduced profits, they paid shareholders a lower dividend compared to the previous year. The dividends totaled $7,000 from $2 per share for their 3,500 shareholders.T o find their current year’s retained earnings, this is the calculation:RE = Beginning Period RE + Net Income/Loss â€" Cash Dividends â€" Stock DividendsRE = 75,000 + 15,000 â€" 7,000 = 83,000Thus company ABC’s retained earnings for this year are $83,000.POSSIBLE USES OF RETAINED EARNINGSRetained earnings have many uses and they are a real treasure to your business. Being a surplus in the money you have, the number of options available for you are endless.In most cases, since all the normal expenses have been taken care of, this amount goes into growing the business.Here are some of the ways you can use the money.Research and DevelopmentResearch is an integral part of any business.Just as it’s part of the business launching process, so is it when you are already up and running.In fact, it is more important now because you have to find out the best way to grow your business. Source: upfrontanalytics.comFor research and development, you may need to hire a team to find out how to produce better products.Or cheaper ways to produce your goods.Alternatively, you can outsource the work and await receiving the final report after the agreed time.Research and development is an investment which often doesn’t pay off in the immediate short-term.It may take you two years to realize the benefits of the research you are doing. In other cases, it may take longer and benefit your business indirectly.An example of this is a company in the technology industry. Lots of research may not help them launch the next-generation product immediately.However, reporting their research results will give customers and investors confidence in the company.This will in turn increase their stock prices as it is believed the company is headed in the right direction.Customers will also prefer buying from the company believing that the research findings mean the company has better technolo gy.Business ExpansionBusiness expansion is a natural desire for any business owner. As you are meeting the needs you set out to meet, you cannot avoid the need for growth.All the same, growth is expensive. You have to look for new markets, do more campaigns, create more awareness of your company, buy new machines, etc.To make this happen, you need money. In case you open a new branch of your business, you will need computers, stationery etc. And all these are acquired using money.Therefore, having some “extra” money available will prove very helpful.A major advantage is that you will not have to take an expensive bank loan. Bank loans have high interest rates and if you can avoid them, the better.Here are a few tips for business growth. All these will come with some initial expense. With your retained earnings, you can easily hire the staff to work on the strategy you pick.1. Research your competition â€" you have some competition to beat so as to become number one in your indus try. This is the right time to do your homework. Although you may have done this earlier as part of your market research, there are new discoveries to be made.Good competitor research requires a lot of effort and that means money. You need someone experienced to do it and such a person will have to be paid.Alternatively, you can use some of your staff, maybe in the marketing department to do the job.Depending on your industry, this research may take different shapes.For example, in the retail industry, they may need to go shopping in your competitor’s shop and return the goods. This helps them know their returns policy for comparison purposes.They may also make wholesale purchases so as to see your competition’s warehousing and logistics operations. Whichever way you choose to go, there will be money being spent.2. Invest in a customer relationship management system â€" these have become common and if you don’t have one in place, it is a good time to get it. Instead of trying to manage all your customer data in books or a spreadsheet, a CRM will do a better job.These offer lots of benefits to businesses. You will able to have all your sales records in one place managed by customer.You can see the orders placed and the time taken to fulfill them as well as all interactions with the customers. Having everything under one roof helps you with decision making and cost cutting.3. Launch a customer loyalty program â€" different from a customer management system, this one is purely for encouraging customers to become loyal. You want them to come to you more and more.To the customer, this is a great way of shopping and earning points. The points can be redeemed later for discounts. You can also treat your customers to special gifts on their birthdays. This is possible if you collect their date of birth during registration.For you however, this is an opportunity to gain insight into your customers’ shopping behavior. With the records of what they buy, how many p ieces, how often they buy etc, you have lots of data to make use of.With this information, you can know which products to stock and which ones to reduce. You can do targeted marketing using related products so as to increase your revenue.4. Expand into new territories â€" unless you are already operating in all the cities and towns of the world, you have much ground to cover. New territories can be exciting or disappointing, depending on how you go about them.The unchanging fact however is that you will need money to conquer them.Getting into new territory is not easy. There are the various laws to be familiar with. New market research to conduct. Possible language barrier to overcome. Trusted people to find and new customers to be made loyal.And you are yet to secure land, build offices or rent a warehouse, buy machinery and start producing. Still there are marketing campaigns to run, samples to give away and the list goes on and on.What do all these activities require?They all req uire money. It becomes very easy when you have “extra cash” in the form of retained earnings.5. Increase your online presence â€" there cannot be any meaningful growth without an increase in your online presence. Today, the online community must be engaged with your brand if at all you are to have a place in their minds.Of course this doesn’t mean you stop advertising on the mainstream media if you are doing it. The mainstream media is still a powerful platform but a more cost-effective one is social media.Do not confuse cost-effective with cheap, or (almost) free. There is a cost involved. If you have a website, chances are that you need to have it improved. If it is purely informational, then it has to change to enable e-commerce. Alternatively, develop a new one.On top of that, you must have a blog. The blog’s design has to be attractive and the content great. All these things translate into hiring expert web designers, writers and copywriters, social influencers etc. And they cost money.You will be glad if you have some to start you off.Pay Off Outstanding LoansRarely will there be a business operating without some kind of debt. In fact, big businesses almost always have some very big debts. This does not mean that they are not financially secure.Debt is commonly used to facilitate investments. Big debt could therefore reflect big investments.But if you have a big investment and a small debt, won’t that be better?When you have retained earnings of a significant amount, you can decide to pay off some of your outstanding debts.Especially bank loans as those are the ones which attract the highest interest payments.This way, you are able to operate with minimum external pressure.Although the bank may charge you for paying off your loan early, doing the math right may prove it worthwhile.In case you are bound by some clauses to stick to your repayment schedule, then you can always clear with your creditors.Either way, you will get into the new financi al year with less debt.This translates to having more money being freed for other purposes.Invest in AcquisitionsOne of the wisest moves you can make in business is to acquire another business. This becomes an additional income-generating venture for your business.Look to big companies like Google and Facebook to see the wisdom in doing this. Watch this short video for some great tips on mergers and acquisitions. Before practicing this wisdom, do a thorough research on the company of interest. Seek professional help in analyzing the profitability of the company.Are its products selling well? If not, why? Do you have the resources to make that happen? How will your current business benefit from this acquisition? Is this a competitor you are neutralizing? Will this business help your current one compete better in the industry?Remember that there will be employees to deal with. Are they in support of the acquisition? Are they going to stay or leave? If they stay, will you have their lo yalty?There are a lot considerations to check when thinking about this move. Take your time and be sure to make the right choice.Also be ready to develop and improve your acquisition so that it is able to provide more returns.Invest in Producing New ProductsRetained earnings can also be used to launch new products into the market. Since this takes some time and work, having the monetary resources required makes it easy to get started.In case you have already done the research and are satisfied with your findings, then it’s time to get to work.Buy whatever machines are needed and train whoever needs training. When it comes to purchasing machinery, you must have expert opinion. Involve the relevant staff and engage the services of experts whom you can trust.The amount of retained earnings will obviously determine how far you can go with your spending. Involving various people in the process of making the move will help you save more money.This is because you will most likely have wi thin the team, someone who knows the most reliable supplier. Someone else may know the features to check for when buying the machine.For new products, the employees who will work on the new product should also be involved in the process. There is the marketing team which will source for new customers.When all your staff are a part of the process, they will give it full support.Share RepurchaseAnother way of using your retained earnings is to purchase the shares held by shareholders. This is not a very common decision but can still be made.With this decision, you will have to suggest to the shareholders the amount of money you are willing to pay per share.Note that this is different from paying dividends.In paying dividends, you are essentially rewarding your shareholders for their loyalty. You are also thanking them for giving you their money to work with.But in share repurchase, you are buying back the shares of your company from your shareholders. Therefore, after the exercise, yo u will have fewer shareholders while having increased your percentage shareholding.This has the effect of reducing you future dividend payouts since you won’t have many people to pay dividend to.At the same time, it can be a great time for the shareholders who hold onto their shares.Normally, when the number of shareholders is small, the amount of dividend paid is bigger.Those who won’t sell their shares may then benefit more come the end of the next financial year.CONCLUSIONRetained earnings are a good way to quickly determine the general health of a business.This money can be reinvested into the company to facilitate growth.

Essay on Human Resources Analysis - 1329 Words

Human Resources Analysis Savannah Hayes SEC 370 Debbie Travis Human Resources Analysis In the United States there are many labor laws that the cooperate world must up hold by, these laws seem complicated but are actually quite simple once you break them down. For instance, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938, as amended, provides for minimum standard for that of both wages and overtime entitlements by employees, and spells out the administrative procedures that needs to be taken by which covered all work time must be compensated for. FLSA also includes provisions related to child labor laws, equal pay, and portal-to-portal activities (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2009). Most Illinois employers are covered†¦show more content†¦The employees in Illinois are classified as non-exempt and receive hourly wages and then some are classified as exempt, exempt employees are compensated by the means of annual salaries. The Fair Labor Standards Act is administered and regulated by the United States Department of Labor’s Sta ndards Administration’s Hour and Wage Division. However, the Illinois Department of Labor provides the following exempt and non-exempt employees†¦ Non-exempt employee’s duties consist of driving vehicles, operating machinery, repairing equipment, bookkeeping, cashier work, food service and preparation, delivering merchandise, and so on. Now those exempt employees duties consist of items such as scheduling employees, hiring and firing employees, formulating personnel policies, determining credit policies, determining staffing levels, assessing employee performance, making company investment decisions and so on. As for the non-exempt employees in Illinois are covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act that requires employers to pay employees who are not otherwise exempt at least the federally known minimum wage and overtime pay of one-and-one-half-times the regular rates of pay. However, for those of nonagricultural operations, it comes to restrict the hours that child ren under the age of 16 years-old can work and forbid the employment of children under the age of 18 years-old in certain jobs that are and maybe deemed too dangerous for them to handle.Show MoreRelatedA Human Resources Value Analysis1398 Words   |  6 PagesA Human Resources Value Analysis of Canada’s Top 100 Employers, Best Employers in Canada, and The Queen’s Competition This human resources study will recommend two of the largest promotional competitions for business rankings found in Canada’s Top 100 Employers and Best Employers in Canada. These competitions define the most efficient workplace environment, which produce the most productive and efficient corporate communities. 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The Pressure to Be Perfect - 4326 Words

The Bell Jar and Black Swan: The Pressure to be Perfect In a society where competition among others and influences from the media are becoming increasingly prevalent by the decade, it is easy for one to feel the extreme pressure to be perfect. Many individuals face the internal conflict of feeling that they are not adequate enough for various personal or societal standards, often leading to unhealthy insecurities, mental and emotional instabilities, and identity crises. Firstly, society’s reminders to individuals to reach a superficial level of perfection create unhealthy stress within oneself, leading to progressive depression. Furthermore, the even harsher mental and emotional pressures put on by one’s loved ones accumulate to cause†¦show more content†¦It is the feeling of not being good enough for the world that crushes her self-esteem and will to succeed, as later on she begins to contemplate harming her body and even committing suicide. The protagonist in Black Swan, prima ballerina Nina Sayers, faces a similar ignition to her mental instabilities through the pressures of society. In this case, Nina is naturally a perfectionist who tries to strive in the highly competitive ballet industry, which takes a huge toll on her physically, mentally, and emotionally. It is evident that throughout the course of Nina’s training for her big debut as Swan Queen in the ballet company’s annual production, she is obsessed with the idea of perfection to live up to society’s expectations of what a prima ballerina should be. When the former prima ballerina of the company, Beth McIntyre, unexpectedly retires, the director, Thomas Leroy, introduces her to the entire ballet industry at a gala. He announces, â€Å"But as we bid adieu to one star, we welcome another! Were opening our season with my new version of Swan Lake. Taking the role of our new Swan Queen, the exquisite, Nina Sayers† (Aronofsky). This puts Nina under the spotlight and creates very high stakes for her, possibly ones that are too heavy for such a young girl to handle, as she is now pressured into filling the shoes of a legendary prima ballerina – a symbol ofShow MoreRelated The Pressure To Be Perfect Essay725 Words   |  3 Pages The Pressure to be Perfect In todays competitive society, a person strives for perfection, due to the fact that so much emphasis is placed on ones outer appearance. No matter who we are or where we live, society puts this pressure upon us. We are typically faced with this pressure by models on television and in magazines. Companies seem to have targeted women more so than men. They usually use women with good looks and nice figures to advertise and market their product. When companies use theseRead MorePressure on Women To Have The Perfect Body Essay585 Words   |  3 Pages Today young women are greatly influenced by the pressures to have the ideal body type. 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There are many different ways of dealing with this issue, that include positive and negative outcomes when dealing with this problem (Reed). Also, just like every story there is two different sides to this issue. Social media has been putting too much pressure on women to have â€Å"perfect† bodies or that they have to be in â€Å"perfect† shape all of the time. The many women who use socialRead MoreThe Importance Of Body Pressure On Young Girls947 Words   |  4 Pagesetc. The people of today’s society are not realizing the amount of pressure upon young girls and older women by putting an idea that if they do not look a certain way, they will be looked at differently and judged harshly. Emily Gonzalez, a 7th grader who has experienced these remarks on body confidence has stated in her article â€Å"There is too much Pressure on girls to have â€Å"Perfect† Bodies†, that she has felt that pressure on girls her age to look like the models they see on magazines, ads, commercialsRead MoreEffects Of Media On Young Girls1654 Words   |  7 Pagesyears the thin bodies that are promoted through magazines, movies, etc. are displayed as the ‘perfect body’. Very few companies and brands do not use Photoshop or women who are considered plus sized models. The thinness of the models that are promoted is unachievable naturally. Media is a key factor in putting this thought into young girl’s minds that they often carry throug hout lives. 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In the novel this is shown clearly in Josephine Alibrandi and John Bartons life. Josephine has high expectations to be a stereotypical Italian girl and John Barton has a lot of pressure from his father to become a barrister and follow in his footsteps. Jacob Coote is also another character that has different expectationsRead MoreDangers Of Peer Pressure On Girls13 45 Words   |  6 PagesDangers of Peer Pressure on Girls As a little girl I had much confidence about myself and felt I looked the best from my school as well as many other girls from my school. Nowadays, many girls are pressured into being perfect in a way they feel they will never accomplish. Little girls such as ten year olds have started to show low self-esteem and hate to their body image because of the models that are being constantly promoted. As 10TV stated, â€Å"When you were 10 or 11, you probably didn’t give much

“Marginalization” by Chandrakant Mallya Free Essays

In a scale, both arms are equally important. If one of them tilts, the result is imbalance. Compare the scale to the society. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Marginalization† by Chandrakant Mallya or any similar topic only for you Order Now A perfect society viewed from any angle, is impossibility. Turn the pages of human history—perfection was never there. It is reasonable to assume that it will never be there!   It can not be completely avoided either. Society at any given time has not existed and functioned without marginalization! Some of the definitions of marginalization are: â€Å"To relegate or confine to a lower or outer limit or edge, as of social standing.† â€Å"Marginalization (USA) refers to the overt or covert trends within societies whereby those perceived as lacking desirable traits or deviating from the group norms tend to be excluded by wider society and ostracized as undesirables.† Wing Leung describes A marginal person as â€Å"†¦one who does not belong†¦the marginal man†¦ [dwells] at the margin of two cultures and two societies†¦ [and possesses] a marginal mentality†¦ [with its] unresolved identity crises.† Louis Wirth speaking of minority groups thus: â€Å"A group of people who, because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the others in the society in which they live for differential and unequal treatment and who therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.† This means, the more numerically dominant members, or the more prosperous section of the society gives unequal treatment leading to acts of social ostracism, acts of discrimination, leading to marginalization. In â€Å"Sula† Tony Morrison traces the lives of two black heroines. They grow together in a small Ohio town—well, that’s the only common point about them. Otherwise, they are poles apart. Their paths are totally divergent, obviously their thinking as well! Nel Wright chooses the normal life of a black woman marries and settles in the place of her birth. She is part of the tightly-knit black community. Sula Peace rejects this option outright. She escapes to a city, joins a college, and when she returns to her roots, she is a rebel. She decides to teach a lesson to the society that humiliated her in childhood. She mocks at the social norms, and she is a wanton sexual seductress. Her vicarious pleasure is depicted in her triumphant return to her village and she is extremely happy about the victory she scored by crossing the hurdles that she faced in her life due to the color of her skin. These two characters ably depict, with utmost sincerity to their own emotions, their suffering and enjoyment   in the light of various trials and tribulations that was part of their life and living. The Civil War in USA led to the physical liberation. The War for economic liberation began thereafter. In Sula Toni Morrison provides us with the real history lesson with the depiction of the black way of life, a society which still continues to be marginalized both from social and economic standpoints. â€Å"Through their girlhood years they share everything — perceptions, judgments, yearnings, secrets, even crime — until Sula gets out, out of the Bottom, the hilltop neighborhood where beneath the sporting life of the men hanging around the place in head rags and soft felt hares there hides a fierce resentment at failed crops, lost jobs, thieving insurance men, bug-ridden flour . . . at the invisible line that cannot be overstepped.†Ã‚   (Morison, 1973) Fences is the story of four generations of black Americans.   The torch of legacy of morals, attitudes, mores and patterns passes through stories. Troy Maxon is the principle character of the play. Being a black, the part of the marginalized society of America, how and why he had to scale down his dreams to adjust inside his run-down yard. The opening scene   Ã‚  begins with Troy Maxon and his trusted friend Jim Bono engaged in drinking and talking. The anguish of marginalization related victimization is evident, when he makes a formal compliant to his bosses, why only white men are permitted to drive garbage trucks for the waste disposal company. The deep impact of marginalization in Troy Maxon’s psyche is shown as he counsels his teenage son Cory Maxon when he is being actively recruited for a college football scholarship. His father discourages him, and tells him not to ignore other important responsibilities. Troy wants that his son should never haul garbage like him. Cory represents all the possibilities his father never had and the unmet dreams. Yet the father is unwilling to let the son go on the path chosen by him to improve his lot in life.   His apprehension is that the white-dominated sports will not let Cory progress, and break his heart. Troy had spent fifteen years in jail for robbery and murder, but he became an accomplished baseball player in the jail. After the release, when he could not get proper opportunities to display his skill, he is bitter and resentful at the chances lost because of the color of his skin. He wants to protect his son from facing such disappointments and turn cynical. It was due to marginalization that Troy’s life was full of difficulties, oppression coupled with bad luck. As a boy, due the abject poverty, he was denied education, he cannot even read. Marginalization is practiced all over the world, and it embraces humanity. In the Developed World, racial and ethnic minority groups stand out as the most marginalized. Then there are other classes like, the poor, the sick, the disabled, the obese, teenage unwed mothers, the elderly, the homosexuals and lesbians. These groups suffer from one form of marginalization or the other-unemployment, poverty, poor health facilities and lack of education and the like. How can we strive to end it? The question should be rather how we can mend it? The ending to marginalization can only be through mending the ways of the society. First of all, the affluent and the socially well placed members of the majority community should realize the grave injustice rendered to the affected society for centuries. Genuine repentance and willing acceptance to reform can only change the social structure. The change with-out can be achieved only through the change with-in. Society must have a will to change, and that is possible by the combined efforts of the government, social and spiritual organizations. It is high time that marginalization is given a ‘decent’ burial. References: Morrison, Toni, Sula: Excerpted from the book jacket: †¦ â€Å"In clear, dark, resonant language   †¦ .members.tripod.com/~bibliomania/archive3/morrison5.html – 9k –Retrieved on May 21, 2007.                                                                                                 How to cite â€Å"Marginalization† by Chandrakant Mallya, Essay examples

Thesis statement Essay Example

Thesis statement Essay Stress management is an inevitable thing in the modern industrialized society. The pressures of college life make it stressful necessitating learning of some mechanisms and skills to cope with and manage stress in the day-to-day life. Definition. Stress can be defined as the wear and tear our bodies experience as we adjust and adapt to our changing environment. (Whitman, 1985). Stress is both physiological and psychological. We also need to distinguish stress from stressors. â€Å"Stressors are demands made by the internal or external environment that upset balance, thus affecting physical and psychological well-being and requiring action to restore balance† (Lazarus Cohen, 1977). It is important to note that these internal and external pressure, for instance, financial constraints, family separation are just stressors and one’s response to such occurrences constitutes stress. Without learning the art of stress management, individuals will be ineffective in whatever they are engaged. College students are not exception. A loaded curriculum, work-study programs and involvement in such things as drug all add up to students’ stress. Failure for college students to learn and develop good stress management strategies, learning will be difficult or extremely cumbersome rather than being an interesting engagement. Causes of stress Well, there can be no stress unless there are stressors. in this part of the paper; we will explore some of the possible causes of stress (stressors) in college. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis statement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis statement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis statement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inadequate money Some parents or guardians may not give or afford for their college students enough money to meet their educational and personal needs. When a student gets so much involved psychology with an issue like this, he/she is likely to be stressed and weighed down. 2) Dating It is believed that over 90% college students are in relationships (dating) college relations are characterized with such issues as unfaithfulness, drunkenness and other negatives like separations triggered by peer pressure. These issues make college students in relationships vulnerable to stress as they fall prey to such stressors. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Change of new environment In most cases, students attending college are required to relocate from home to college. This change of environment is likely to be a stressor and actually many college students are prone this form of stress. 4) Parental expectations Some parents have too high expectations for their children. Such parents may actually communicate the same to their college going children. When a student knows that the parent has such high up expectations of him/her, he /she is likely to be stressed especially when they are engulfed by the fear that they are not likely to attain/reach their parents expectations. Also over-indulging in studying so as to please their parents by meeting these expectations may cause stress. 5) Unrealistic expectations Both the students and their parents may have unrealistic expectations. For instance, a student may set too high a target for himself. In the effort to achieve these expectations, students may work harder and this may drain them psychologically and physically leading to stress. 6) Social pressures As noted elsewhere in this paper, peer pressure is one of the major causes of stress in college students. As one joins college, he meets cliques in the school setup. These small groups have their own distinct cultures. As a student joins some of these small groups, he is required to change and adapt to the group’s culture. Changing of one’s behavioral patterns and adapting to new ones may be stressful. Also such groups may engage in stressful activities. 7) New responsibilities A college student may be assigned a number of responsibilities on top of the coursework, for instance, he/she may be made the president of a club among others, and these added responsibilities may weigh heavy on the student thereby causing stress. Other causes include, change in sleeping habits, stress-prone diet, and extra-curricular activities. Stress may have positive effects. Importance of stress To some people, every time the term stress is mentioned, they associate it with negative results/effects. But this is not true. Not all stress is negative or bad. Infact, almost everyone needs some stress in his or her life for without it life would be gloomy, dull and uninteresting. â€Å"Insufficient stress acts as a depressant† (www.ivf.com/stress.html.) Stress makes life bright, adds flavor, challenge to life. Stress helps to jump- start us. The challenge and opportunities created by stress are vital in developing new and essential skills for life. We will be cheating ourselves if we entertain the thought that we can avoid stress. Put bluntly, stress is an unavoidable part of life but if managed well, it can be a very constructive motivational factor in our lives. Negative Effects 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alcohol and drug addition. When college students are confronted with stress they may not have positive strategies to cope with such pressure. This may make them resort to alcohol and drug abuse as a means to relieve stress. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Headaches, chest pain among others. Excess stress may cause aches to students and this may make them in effective in their learning. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Irritable and anger prone. This may severe his/her relationship with other students and even teachers. This obviously has a negative effect on learning. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sleeplessness. Stress makes the student to lack sleep and this will negatively affects their learning process as they may feel drowsy and lazy during class time. 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unethical behaviors. Student stressed up due to lack of adequate finances may resort in to such behaviors as commercial sex and stealing and this may hinder their learning. Stress has a chain of effects and symptoms. They all point out that one’s life is not managed well. Well, stress may make a student to be overwhelmed but such bursts of adrenaline that helps students to finish their assignment within the stipulated time, face some challenges and do well in some areas is actually positive stress.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Stressors, such as noise or sleep loss, act by either increasing or decreasing the arousal level of the individual relative to the optimum level for a given task (Hockey Hamilton, 1983). As we have seen stress has both positive and negative effects. Stress management strategies Having explored some of the effects of stress on college students, it is clear that failure for students to learn smart stress management and coping strategies can be detrimental to college students. Learning stress management skill is almost a must for students if they have to become productive individuals both in school and in the community, some of these strategies can be helpful to students: 1) Exercise: physical exercise helps students to relieve themselves of stress. Students should learn how to cope and manage stress through physical exercises. Students should make exercise part and parcel of their curriculum. They should be discouraged from using temporary solutions such as drugs (caffeine) 2) Having enough sleep: student should learn to get enough sleep so that their minds and bodies get relaxed. They should learn to invest in adequate and healthy sleep. This must not be optional. 3) Relaxing techniques: students should learn techniques to help them relax both their minds and bodies. This can be done through such avenues as enjoying soothing music medication, massage, and deep breathing. â€Å"Techniques such as biofeedback†¦are used. Biofeedback aim to develop awareness and control of responses to stressors† (Glanz et al, 2002) 4) Getting organized: Student must learn to prioritizing tasks through the help of a Work schedule otherwise they will have â€Å"so much to do, so little time†(Williams, 1996). When students learn to get organized they avoid stress emanating from failure to complete tasks within the required time. 5) Enjoy humor: laughter is medicine, so they say. Students should learn to stop being too serious sometimes and this will help them cope with stress. They should learn to enjoy humor and laughter. They should learn to take a break from books and smell the roses. Stopping procrastinations, learning to say no to some responsibilities which one doesn’t have adequate time for are all strategies that can help students manage and cope with stress effectively in college. Conclusion Students should learn effective strategies in management and coping with stress so that their detrimental effects can be counteracted. When such strategies are mastered, stress becomes a challenge to facilitate learning. Stress management should be made part of the college curriculum to help them overcome some of these negative effects and capitalize on the positive hence learn more effectively Thesis statement Essay Example Thesis statement Essay Stress management is an inevitable thing in the modern industrialized society. The pressures of college life make it stressful necessitating learning of some mechanisms and skills to cope with and manage stress in the day-to-day life. Definition. Stress can be defined as the wear and tear our bodies experience as we adjust and adapt to our changing environment. (Whitman, 1985). Stress is both physiological and psychological. We also need to distinguish stress from stressors. â€Å"Stressors are demands made by the internal or external environment that upset balance, thus affecting physical and psychological well-being and requiring action to restore balance† (Lazarus Cohen, 1977). It is important to note that these internal and external pressure, for instance, financial constraints, family separation are just stressors and one’s response to such occurrences constitutes stress. Without learning the art of stress management, individuals will be ineffective in whatever they are engaged. College students are not exception. A loaded curriculum, work-study programs and involvement in such things as drug all add up to students’ stress. Failure for college students to learn and develop good stress management strategies, learning will be difficult or extremely cumbersome rather than being an interesting engagement. Causes of stress Well, there can be no stress unless there are stressors. in this part of the paper; we will explore some of the possible causes of stress (stressors) in college. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis statement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis statement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis statement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inadequate money Some parents or guardians may not give or afford for their college students enough money to meet their educational and personal needs. When a student gets so much involved psychology with an issue like this, he/she is likely to be stressed and weighed down. 2) Dating It is believed that over 90% college students are in relationships (dating) college relations are characterized with such issues as unfaithfulness, drunkenness and other negatives like separations triggered by peer pressure. These issues make college students in relationships vulnerable to stress as they fall prey to such stressors. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Change of new environment In most cases, students attending college are required to relocate from home to college. This change of environment is likely to be a stressor and actually many college students are prone this form of stress. 4) Parental expectations Some parents have too high expectations for their children. Such parents may actually communicate the same to their college going children. When a student knows that the parent has such high up expectations of him/her, he /she is likely to be stressed especially when they are engulfed by the fear that they are not likely to attain/reach their parents expectations. Also over-indulging in studying so as to please their parents by meeting these expectations may cause stress. 5) Unrealistic expectations Both the students and their parents may have unrealistic expectations. For instance, a student may set too high a target for himself. In the effort to achieve these expectations, students may work harder and this may drain them psychologically and physically leading to stress. 6) Social pressures As noted elsewhere in this paper, peer pressure is one of the major causes of stress in college students. As one joins college, he meets cliques in the school setup. These small groups have their own distinct cultures. As a student joins some of these small groups, he is required to change and adapt to the group’s culture. Changing of one’s behavioral patterns and adapting to new ones may be stressful. Also such groups may engage in stressful activities. 7) New responsibilities A college student may be assigned a number of responsibilities on top of the coursework, for instance, he/she may be made the president of a club among others, and these added responsibilities may weigh heavy on the student thereby causing stress. Other causes include, change in sleeping habits, stress-prone diet, and extra-curricular activities. Stress may have positive effects. Importance of stress To some people, every time the term stress is mentioned, they associate it with negative results/effects. But this is not true. Not all stress is negative or bad. Infact, almost everyone needs some stress in his or her life for without it life would be gloomy, dull and uninteresting. â€Å"Insufficient stress acts as a depressant† (www.ivf.com/stress.html.) Stress makes life bright, adds flavor, challenge to life. Stress helps to jump- start us. The challenge and opportunities created by stress are vital in developing new and essential skills for life. We will be cheating ourselves if we entertain the thought that we can avoid stress. Put bluntly, stress is an unavoidable part of life but if managed well, it can be a very constructive motivational factor in our lives. Negative Effects 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alcohol and drug addition. When college students are confronted with stress they may not have positive strategies to cope with such pressure. This may make them resort to alcohol and drug abuse as a means to relieve stress. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Headaches, chest pain among others. Excess stress may cause aches to students and this may make them in effective in their learning. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Irritable and anger prone. This may severe his/her relationship with other students and even teachers. This obviously has a negative effect on learning. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sleeplessness. Stress makes the student to lack sleep and this will negatively affects their learning process as they may feel drowsy and lazy during class time. 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unethical behaviors. Student stressed up due to lack of adequate finances may resort in to such behaviors as commercial sex and stealing and this may hinder their learning. Stress has a chain of effects and symptoms. They all point out that one’s life is not managed well. Well, stress may make a student to be overwhelmed but such bursts of adrenaline that helps students to finish their assignment within the stipulated time, face some challenges and do well in some areas is actually positive stress.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Stressors, such as noise or sleep loss, act by either increasing or decreasing the arousal level of the individual relative to the optimum level for a given task (Hockey Hamilton, 1983). As we have seen stress has both positive and negative effects. Stress management strategies Having explored some of the effects of stress on college students, it is clear that failure for students to learn smart stress management and coping strategies can be detrimental to college students. Learning stress management skill is almost a must for students if they have to become productive individuals both in school and in the community, some of these strategies can be helpful to students: 1) Exercise: physical exercise helps students to relieve themselves of stress. Students should learn how to cope and manage stress through physical exercises. Students should make exercise part and parcel of their curriculum. They should be discouraged from using temporary solutions such as drugs (caffeine) 2) Having enough sleep: student should learn to get enough sleep so that their minds and bodies get relaxed. They should learn to invest in adequate and healthy sleep. This must not be optional. 3) Relaxing techniques: students should learn techniques to help them relax both their minds and bodies. This can be done through such avenues as enjoying soothing music medication, massage, and deep breathing. â€Å"Techniques such as biofeedback†¦are used. Biofeedback aim to develop awareness and control of responses to stressors† (Glanz et al, 2002) 4) Getting organized: Student must learn to prioritizing tasks through the help of a Work schedule otherwise they will have â€Å"so much to do, so little time†(Williams, 1996). When students learn to get organized they avoid stress emanating from failure to complete tasks within the required time. 5) Enjoy humor: laughter is medicine, so they say. Students should learn to stop being too serious sometimes and this will help them cope with stress. They should learn to enjoy humor and laughter. They should learn to take a break from books and smell the roses. Stopping procrastinations, learning to say no to some responsibilities which one doesn’t have adequate time for are all strategies that can help students manage and cope with stress effectively in college. Conclusion Students should learn effective strategies in management and coping with stress so that their detrimental effects can be counteracted. When such strategies are mastered, stress becomes a challenge to facilitate learning. Stress management should be made part of the college curriculum to help them overcome some of these negative effects and capitalize on the positive hence learn more effectively